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In my years of high school I had a professor who told us that if Cervantes had not written the Quixote , "would have been equal to the History of Literature for his" Exemplary Novels . " At that time I read some, not all of these novels: "The Gitanilla " for being the first ("Precious When the panderete plays"); Cortadillo Rinconetey ("your grace is thief perchance? Yes," he replied to serve God and good people ...) and some other. Now, after many years, I have resumed the reading of another of these novels "The English English " and I must say that I love. It has everything, adventure, autobiography, "alliance of civilizations, geography, different vision, a variety of types, fashion of the time and especially love in the end all you can.

I have no good
edition of this novel. I know of references that is one of the 40's of last century, illustrated by Carlos Saenz de Tejada, to be collector's item 1. So I settle for reading fiction essta copy in the edition of Classics of world literature made by the circle of readers in 1970.

Let's remember what is their argument. Cervantes part of a historical fact that caused a stir in the Spain of his time: the sacking of the city of Cadiz in 1596 by the Anglo-Dutch fleet commanded by the Earl of Essex. This was chronicled immediately by Fray Pedro de Abreu, an eyewitness in his "History sack of the city of Cadiz by the English in 1596 " and years later would be remembered through the brushes of Zurbarán. It is therefore a fact that the British after looting and reduce to ashes the city, poorly defended, re-embarked for England, taking with them a number of quality English hostages.

Among these hostages and we start the fiction, an English gentleman, named Clotaldo, was secretly and in violation of orders, a beautiful seven year old girl named Isabel who gave the " by rich plunder" his wife, Catherine, after the fleet arrived in London. Professed this family secret, against the advice of his queen, the Catholic religion and in this faith raised like a daughter to the kind Isabela, as well called the child, instructing in English, but without forgetting the English and all the teachings that a woman was permissible to read and write "more than moderately " things work, strumming and singing Isabela that he liked, as well as loved her voice to those who heard them.

He had the noble Clotaldo a son, five years older than Isabella, named Recaredo, who first tried as a brother, but when the children grew and Isabela reached age twelve, Recaredo disrupted the fraternal feelings in " ardent desire to enjoy and poserla " but honestly that is, as her husband, though her parents had decided the marriage of his son with "a very rich main Scottish maid."

Sick of heartbreak, Recaredo decided " in a faint voice and language disturbed" to declare Isabela their purposes were different but not marry her "grand theft " their parents if they did not give his consent to what the " beautiful, honest and discreet " Isabela, recognized and admired by so tired love, replied that he would do anything but what the will of their adoptive parents determine. Said, because his mother Recaredo and through her father she thought, to finally convince them. "At this juncture, I was fourteen and Recaredo Isabela twenty years, and in this age so green and flowery known her great discretion and prudence was elderly."

parents had everything ready for the wedding " and not missing anything but make the queen Aware of that concert, because without their willingness and consent among the illustrious blood is not made any marriage. " Confident that the queen would leave and missing his wedding four days, were surprised by a message from the Queen ordered that his presence would lead to " his prisoner the English in Cadiz."

Fearful that the Queen discovered that the girl had been educated in the Catholic faith they professed secretly and therefore punish them, entrusted to " the great confidence that God had and the wisdom of Isabela ", the richly dressed" to the English "and with this rich ornament and" with his gallant provision and miraculous beauty, the palace took on a beautiful carriage receiving its way to the admiration of the people. "This whole Clotaldo wanted to honor his prisoner, to force the queen to treat her as the wife of his son ."

Queen received them in a large room of his palace and stay ahead of Isabela to the single " thought the same thing seems to be the star or exhalation through the region of fire usually calm and serene night move, or so as rays of sun to leave the day between two mountains is discovered, he fell on his knees before the English sovereign and paid him homage.

Suspense and marveled at the perfection of the beautiful captive, and without addressing the licensing request for marriage in confidence Clotaldo requested by the many and important services rendered to the crown of his ancestors, the sought for their service, giving the name of daughter, having to postpone the wedding until Recaredo earn its deserved. To this end decided the immediate shipment of young love as captain of one of the two ships under the command of Baron departed Lasac Corsican, promising to observe Isabela herself until his triumphant return. Youth took leave sobbing and blessing, under the friendly and protective gaze of the sovereign, Recaredo starting the war and being Isabela in the Court, while Clotaldo and that with the coming " left the room was filled with compassion, defiance and tears. "

I take a break in the narrative to highlight the complacent view that Cervantes makes the English Queen. Do not forget that Elizabeth is in the sixteenth century the great enemy against whom Spain had led the Grand Army. Pedro de Ribadeneira in the appeal that makes members of the military expedition makes it clear that the game is played against "the evil " Isabel who had committed many crimes against his own people and threatened to destroy Catholics throughout Europe. However, the author portrays it as a magnanimous sovereign, righteous, accessible to his subjects.

Continuing the story, the little English fleet arrived, after some vicissitudes, off the English coast of Gibraltar where he spotted a large ship and two small. When Recaredo himself to his ship's captain to know if the general wanted to lash out against those discovered, they asked him to pass it because the general had died after suffering a stroke last night and since the order of the queen was that the missing general, it was Recaredo this was acclaimed as such just in time to prevent the attack of enemy ships " who knew be galleries and turquoise" with artillery destroying the two that attacked. The third was a Portuguese ship from the Indies that the Turks had captured "loaded with spices and with so many pearls and diamonds, worth over one million gold" as he told the Christian galley slaves. To be generous and liberal, Recaredo rejected the advice of some of his own to kill Christians " because I never said well the cruelty with courage " and so decided to take the Portuguese ship to England and send Christians to Spain in one of the captured ships, giving each of the three hundred " four English crowns made bring your boat, partly to remedy their need when they reached land "no one dared to contradict his orders although some" tried him in their hearts for more Catholic than it should . "

The surprise came when one of these Christians, who " for others had spoken " was revealed as Isabel's father, the girl abducted in Cadiz by the English fifteen years ago, who having lost her daughter " rest of my age and my eyes light " and missed his estate, he left the treatment of goods and aa determined to spend with his wife to the Indies " common refuge of the poor generous, still, just off Cadiz, boarded the vessel they were traveling warning by Turkish corsairs.

Recaredo He begged that we know of Elizabeth that would allow the father to accompany him and his wife to England to which he agreed readily without giving news of the daughter and so that night rose candles separating from the English coast and free the captives pleading that also the first opportunity they had, was to get free at twenty Turkish survivors.

Only nine days into the river arrived in London the flagship of Recaredo that once landed, he went on foot to the palace and advised of his arrival he hoped the queen and her ladies, among them Isabella, dressed the English.

worth stopping at Cervantes's description of the plant and grace of a victorious general who compared him with Mars, the god of battle, for their ornament and the spirited way she wore and others, "brought for the beauty his face ", with Venus" that to make some joke to Mars, that way disguised himself. "

" Recaredo was large of stature, gentle man and well proportioned, and as he came armed with breastplate, back, ruff and bracelets and purses, with a view eleven weapons Milanese, engraved and gilded, seemed extremely well those who watched him, not covering her head Morion one, but a big hat skirt, fawn, with a great variety of feathers thirds to the flange, the sword, broad, types, rich, shims, the esguizarra . "

Recaredo told the queen the success of the company and as ordered to free the Christians who were held by the Turks, except for a English man and a woman "for his taste that wanted to come see your greatness" and as with the captured ship brought in spices and other goods of pearls and diamonds of high prices commanded all of which save for the queen, being a single jewel for himself, his "Isabel good" to "stay rich and rewarded, not only for this service ... but many others that I do pay some part of the whole almost infinite in this gem offers me Your Majesty. "

Queen answered true to his word to deliver to Isabel, the well-guarded treasure " because I promised, and because she is worthy of you and you it, begging to see her again the next day to refer Slowly his feats, bringing a " those two who say they have wanted for his willingness to come to me, that I want to thank ."

Recaredo then chatted with the ladies of honor of the queen, sharing with them "honest reasons" and then returned to his father's house where he was received with signs of deep love for parents, friends, relatives and acquaintances. And parents were at home Isabela Clotaldo, who Recaredo had said who they were, but saying that they should tell no Isabela until it does not speak.

The next day he Recaredo the palace, taking the father and the mother of Isabella "dressed in the English " received the Queen surrounded by her ladies, including the beautiful Isabella. Recaredo made him sit on a chair rasa, " unusual grant to the lofty status of Queen" which elicited some grumbling "because there is no mercy the prince made his private than a spear passing through the heart the envious ". Recaredo referred details of his exploits "attributing the victory to God and the strong arms of his soldiers" and showed the queen the man and the woman who brought them asked him, as natural señalandoseles Cadiz, in his view, " main people value. "

Isabel got mad and confused parents were also upset with the concept of reciprocity, believing recognized " determined not daring to believe the truth that his eyes were " before the watchful eyes of Recaredo.

called Queen Elizabeth asked them those in the English language to tell him that they refused to enjoy the freedom that Recaredo had given them "freedom being the most beloved thing not only people with reason, but also of animals without it." This made Isabela but there was no verbal response but the mother came to it, "without looking respect, fear or consideration courtiers " lifted up his hand to his right ear and found Isabel lifting her under her black mole that certified his suspicion and embracing the point claimed to be the daughter of his heart fell fainting in his arms, while his father quietly shed tears of sentiment .

Thus Isabela met his parents and they to her, which control the queen left the palace " so slowly you could see and talk to your daughter and rejoice in it," promising to Recaredo again that within four days he would make delivery of Isabela because " had no need for further tests to qualify " with which it is fired " propinquity thrilled with the hope that went from possessing Isabela, without fear of losing, which is the last wish of lovers . "

" ran the time and not the way that he wanted: that those who live with promises of future expectations always imagine that time does not fly, but walk on the foot of the same laziness. " At last the desired day " more in that brief time where I thought the ship of his good fortune ran with a fair wind to the desired port, the opposite fate in the sea raised such a storm, a thousand times feared drown " .

happened to the waitress over Queen Isabela who was in charge had a son " arrogant, proud and confident " Count Arnesto, who "fell in love with Isabella as ON or, in the light of the eyes of Isabela had scorched the soul "without that love was admitted for her. But far from being discouraged " by many well-known disdain " that gave Isabela, spoke to his mother saying that they should ask the Queen Isabela by his wife and that if he did not care would be killed. Knowing his toughness and harshness of nature and fearing a fatal outcome in the presence of Isabela richly dressed and bejeweled, begged on his knees to postpone the marriage of Queen Isabella for two days. So pray that force be reached, with the curiosity of the sovereign, the queen told her son loves and as fearing a desperate final or scandalous if they did not to wife Isabella had asked these two days "to give rise Aque his majesty should think that way would be especially designed and suitable for your child to remedy."

Queen kept his royal word, saying it "would violate or not disappoint the hopes of Recaredo all the world's interest." So the waitress gave this response to his son, the armed " of all arms and strong and beautiful horse appeared before the house and shouted Clodoaldo required the presence of Recaredo. Startled looked out the window and listen to defy Arnesto " all death trance."

Recaredo accepted the challenge by the boldness of his opponent and requiring their weapons was ready to fight mounted "on a beautiful horse " when a captain of the guard of the queen sent the notice by the event, arrived in time to arrest the count and took him to the presence of the queen, that without understanding of reasons and entreaties of her maid, sent to carry him prisoner in a tower.

Porfi the waitress to his queen that the best solution to avoid clashes between the two kindreds, would send Isabela of Spain, since also had discovered she was a Christian and Catholic, "to which he replied the queen so the estimated more, as well as keep the law knew that her parents had taught, and that in sending it to Spain should not try because your beautiful presence and thank you very much and gave much pleasure virtues and, no doubt, if not that day, another should have been given by Recaredo wife, as he had promised . "

Muda and the waitress was devastated and its encouragement " determined to do one of the greatest cruelties she could never fit in principal wife thought" and was this "kill tósigo Isabela" in such wise that provides and determined "that evening Isabela harass a given canned" so that " little space after it is taken when Isabela it began to swell the tongue and throat and brought to an enronquecérsele blackened lips and voice, turbársele apretársele eyes and chest, all known signals giving him poison. "

Queen Informed by her ladies and seeing almost expiring Isabela quickly summoned their doctors that "they applied many remedies and so effective that they and with the help of God Isabela was alive, or at least hope to have it. While sovereign ordered the arrest of the maid and locking her in a narrow room of the palace.

Isabela Finally not dead but " was so ugly that as before there had seemed a miracle of beauty, then looked like a monster of ugliness , no eyebrows, no eyelashes and no hair, her face swollen, her skin lost, skins raised and watery eyes.

Recaredo Yet he had been in a trance almost losing my mind, it again asked the queen and beg him to let her take home " because the love we had passed from body to soul, and that if Elizabeth had lost her beauty, could not have lost its endless virtues .

diol Queen Isabela now turned into "a rich jewel enclosed on a rough wooden box ", wishing to do so as it is delivered and spent, enriched with new jewelry and clothing donated by the Queen, home of the parents of Recaredo where after two months without any sign of recovering their primitive beauty " began to fall out leather and descubrirsele her beautiful complexion.

this

A Recaredo parents, not seeing Isabella may recover, determined to send the Scottish girl before the arrival of the English had agreed to marry him, thinking while Isabela return with their parents to Spain, compensated for their losses to assets and wealth. This happened and month and a half later came the new wife's parents house Recaredo "accompanied as it was and who was so beautiful that after Isabela used to be so beautiful there was no across London."

Startled by "improvised view" of the girl and ran to the bed where Isabela Recaredo was in the presence of their parents repeated their expressions of love for her, love based not only on "compliance sensual appetite" but supported by the endless virtues he had imprisoned the soul so that " if you wanted beautiful, ugly adore" promising for their Catholic faith as her husband, if she consented.

suspensive Isabel and her parents all amazed and appalled at such a statement and tender of kisses, watered with tears, promised to conclude the formalities of betrothal in Spain, Cádiz or Seville within a maximum period of two years in Recaredo to go to meet them, unless a major impediment or oppose the death itself. Recaredo made these promises came to tell their parents "as in any way not marry and would give a hand to his Scottish wife without going first to Rome to ensure their awareness " thing like all Catholics believed were being Clisterna, such was the Scottish girl in the house of his future in-laws until Recaredo return to what you asked for a term of one year.

Unaware of the secret plans of the child, Clotaldo Recaredo informed his intention to send Isabella and her parents to Spain, without taking any of the riches that the queen had given him and obtained his warm welcome, that same day went to see the Queen to ask for license to marry his hio with Clisterna and to send Isabella and her parents to Spain. Contented all the sovereign who ordered the waitress to serve no more betray their office and compensation of ten thousand gold crowns for Isabella and her son, Arnaldo six years of exile in England. Raised the money, provided assurances to the queen through a French merchant, they were given this money to hire Sevilla and commanded a ship that would lead to Isabela and their parents to a English port. Provides heading, Isabela and her parents came to say goodbye to the queen who gave them the letters of merchants and many other gifts " well of money as other things gift for the trip. "

embarked for Spain as "not without tears Clotaldo and his wife and all of their home, Isabela who was extremely well liked " not being present at the farewell Recaredo, " that not show signs of tender feelings made some friends will take game. " " The gifts he gave Ms. Catherine Isabella for the trip were many, endless hugs, tears in abundance, parcels write them without issue, and thanked his parents Isabela and corresponded to everything so that, even crying, and had satisfied . "

A thirty-day crossing Isabela and his parents landed in Cadiz where, known to all, were received with great satisfaction celebrating the release of his captive both Moors and Englishmen. " Isabela at this time I began to give much hope to return to its former beauty ."

a month of being in Cádiz trasladaronse Isabela's parents rented a house in Seville where the main border to the monastery of Santa Paula where she was a niece professed nun " unique and extreme in his voice " Isabela whose details had been given to Recaredo saying " that if he came to look at Sevilla find her home and tell his cousin the nun of Santa Paula, and that he needed to know no more than ask for the nun who had the best voice in the monastery, because these signs could not forget ". Delivered ten thousand ducats French merchant who came from Isabela and her parents and sold some of her jewelry her father returned to their work as a merchant. " few months in order was restored to its lost credibility and the beauty of Isabela was again the first, so that, in speaking of beautiful all gave the laurels to English English to this name as much for her beauty was known throughout the city . "

Isabela and her parents wrote to the Queen thanking him for telling his arrival and received grants from it and so did a Clotaldo and Catherine, receiving news of the past where they told her son the day after Recaredo they left had gone to France and from there to other parts " where he must go to the security of conscience." Isabela imagined that the game would be for venirla Recaredo to look to Spain and lived in Seville so happy, modest, going from home to the monastery, without the benefit of rejoicing or public holidays because "everything fought in meditation and in your prayers and good wishes Recaredo waiting", and ignoring fops and fans, was " as a rock in the middle of the sea that touches but not move or waves winds. "

past year and a half had given the two later, when more and more impatient Isabela received a letter from Mrs. Catherine, dated fifty days ago, informing him of the arrival in London of the page Recaredo with the sad news that the Count had Arnesto Recaredo treacherously killed in France. Without doubt the veracity of such misfortunes, and after reading the letter Isabela, " without tears or signs of painful feeling, skewed face and chest apparently calm, vowed before a crucifix to be a nun" for what could be taking by widow " . Discovered the intention to parents and also saddened " they advised him not to secure his execution until they passed over the two years Recaredo had put an end to his coming, that this will confirm the death of her Recaredo and more securely status could change. " He did so, Isabela and six missing and a half months were spent in prayer and preparation exercises to enter the monastery of Santa Paula where his cousin.

passed two years and went on to take the habit and parents and friends, with the expectation of many onlookers, "Isabela made one of the most honorable accompaniments that such acts were Sevilla seen. " Isabella wanted to be the most bizarre possible so dressed in the same dress that had been presented to the Queen of England and this ornament and bravery " giving occasion for all to praise God in it ", left his foot home surrounded by the admiring crowd and blessed and the most attentive to all was a man dressed in the habit of captive Trinity, while Isabela and put it's foot into the goal of the convent where they had come to receive the prioress and the other nuns, a loud voice said

"Isabela Stop, stop, while I was living can not be your religion."

Hardly " cleaving for all people" got to where Isabela was that foreign prisoner taking his hand, he said,

"Conosceme, Isabela? Look, I am Recaredo, your husband.

If I know, "said Isabella, if not you ghost you come to disturb my rest.

also be Recaredo parents met the captive kneeling before Elizabeth, begged him did not prevent the suit he wore " or hamper its low fortune she did not correspond to the word that the two had given, to which she, embracing him, said he claiming to be her true husband, "I have you stamped on my memory and saved my soul " and that only the news his death had made him choose the religion, but because God had arranged want anything, invited him to come " to my parents house is yours, and there I give my possession by the terms of our holy faith calls Catholic. "

All present were astonished and apparently suspended and immediately wanted to know who was abroad, which his story and that was marriage. Isabela's father determined to move into the house as the most suitable place to tell that story when it one of those present cried, saying :

"Gentlemen, this young man is a great English privateer, which I do, and that there will be little more than two years took the corsairs of Algiers Portugal's ship coming from the Indies, no doubt, but that's it, I I know him because he gave me freedom and money to come to Spain, not just to me but to other three hundred captives. "

arrived at the house, along with most major people "leaving the nuns sad, confused and crying over what they lost in not having in their company the beautiful Isabela sat everyone in a great hall, began Isabela, not to mention very expertly Recaredo the English language, to tell the story we know so much determination to be religious, enlarging " the generosity of the Queen, Recaredo Christianity and their parents," and ending Recaredo beg to tell " what had happened after he left London to the present point, where he saw the habit of captive and a sign of having been rescued by alms. "

So did the young, telling how after he left London in the company of his page, "excuse by marriage to Clisterna " crossed France, arrived in Rome " where my soul rejoiced and strengthened my faith" , confessing their sins and receive penance the Pope. They set out for Genoa, with the intention of coming to Spain embarked on a galley of that Lord, when in a hostel in a place halfway between Rome and Florence found the Count disguised Arnesto with four servants, who, taking advantage of the night and sleep fired against him, leaving him for dead, fleeing in terror the servant with such fear " should not stop to London" and give the false news of his death. Although the bullets and pellets received no injury was fatal and after two months could get to Genoa to board two chartered barges with other major English. The trip was uneventful, when coasting France were discovered and addressed by two of Turkish galleys that had been seized as captives and brought them to Algiers. They found that parents were rescuing captives of the Holy Trinity to forward a signal to his rescue, leaving the rest for when I returned the ship to the charity that brought the money in which the father had insisted the redemption because all this kindness and generosity extends the love of these parents, who give their freedom of others and are captive to rescue the captives . " 2

ship finally arrived, almsgiving redeeming the father returned to Spain to Recaredo and fifty other Christian captives. Landed in Valencia each split to where else he pleased, with the insignia of their liberty are these habits . Recaredo arrived to Seville without delay asked by the monastery and the rest is history. Suffice to know that Recaredo brought in a tin box miraculously saved some precautions which had a card issued against a Florentine merchant of Seville who was present that point recognized and accepted.

The silence with which the present had heard this story "broke to give praise to God for His great wonders, and, with the largest to the smallest Rejoice Isabela and their parents left them ."

Eight days later they celebrated the marriage of Isabella and the English Recaredo and so English, " favored by Heaven and aided by his many virtues, chief husband found as Recaredo in whose company he thinks that still lives "on the borders of Santa Paula house then bought.

The author concludes this copy with this brilliant novel climax:

"This novel can teach us how much can the virtue and how the beauty, they are close together and every case to fall in love even to the same enemies and Heaven knows how to draw from our greatest adversity, our best interest. "

The reader who has had the interest and the patience to read this clumsy statement of the novel, may judge that this vicissitude is a quasi-cinematic rhythm: change of scenery, lavish scenery, wonderful performances, variety of characters and characters, bad and good, a storyline that continues over time and above all, a happy ending like in the movies like " made in Hollywood."

Critics have traditionally considered " The English English" as a short work of entertainment, general literature for the public amusement, which was indeed mostly female, full of idealistic spiritualism offers a idyllic vision of relations between Spain and England at the time of Cervantes. I, however, may be another reading of the work, the possibility that Catholics and Protestants can live in peace and harmony as fellow Christians. The novel reflects a view of Christianity and is Erasmian developer Cervantes faith in the power of literature to enhance and transformed humanity. In this sense, Cervantes's novel is less "innocent" than most critics have warned and has a clear political content, which contrasts sharply with the reality of the fighting between Spain and England during the century.

Cervantes, whose prose delicate and robust, while I admire and admire, especially in summer, Antonio Muñoz Molina writes 3 , always seemed to me idealist, with his feet on the ground (the dichotomy of Don Quixote and Sancho) that leaves subtly throughout his work, a critical message in response to the Power that does not happen desapecibido imagine his contemporaries. No wonder why it became to write novels, run ever in a dangerous job and that the prosecution concealed by the most intransigent sectors of society, and, of course, the clergy were to become absolute censorship when in 1625, the Council of Castilla suspended the granting of a license to print both novels and plays, another genus considered harmful, ban not be lifted until 1634.

© Manuel Martínez Bargueño
July 2010 ( last update, August 2010 )

If you have interested in this post and want to ask, comment or contribute something about it can leave a comment or write to my email address manuelblas222@gmail.com with confidence be promptly addressed.

Thanks. Manuelblas

NOTES

1 Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra. The English English . Exemplary novel. Valencia Edicso Metis, 1948, 105 pp. Illustrated with etchings and letterpress ornaments Carlos Sáenz de Tejada. Edition with a preface by E. Allison Peers, F. Sánchez Castañer. Numbered edition of 150 copies.

2 As to see in this statement that makes Recaredo the memory of the captivity of Cervantes in Algiers and the evocation of that blessed trinity father, Fray Juan Gil, who barely managed to raise the amount of 475 fold finally allowed his release on September 19, 1580, after five years of captivity and several unsuccessful attempts to escape. Long months remained the relentless religious Algiers teaching the ignorant, comforting the afflicted, encouraging the weak and pleading with their employers for the good treatment, defending nuetra Catholic faith, giving alms and rescuing many with the property in his possession was . "Fray Juan Gil In total, whose name in the world was Gil Gutierrez, a native of Arevalo, one hundred and five captives redeemed Christians. He was so exhausted by his efforts and zeal that his return to their superiortes Spain forced him to rest in the city of his birth, where, unable to recover, died on July 8, 1587, alos 56 years of age (Adolfo Yañez. Fray Juan Gil, liberator of Cervantes. Revista Cultural de Ávila , Segovia and Salamanca in May 2004. The data presented in this review are taken from a book of Constantius Rodero on Fray Juan Gil, 1988)

3 Antonio Muñoz Molina. The life novel. El País. Babelia. 31/07/1910